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Physical Properties and Critical Constants of Silicon
| State (standard conditions) | Solid |
| Boiling point, °C | 2,355* |
| Critical temperature, Tc, °C | 4,886* |
| Critical pressure, pc, atmospheres | 530* |
| Critical volume, Vc, cm3/gm mole | 232.6* |
| Critical density, rc, gm/cm3 | 0.1207* |
| Vapor pressure, mm Hg | 2.8 x 10-4 (at m.p.) |
| Heat of vaporization, cal/gm | 3,812 (at m.p.) |
| Heat of sublimation, cal/gm | 4,075 (at m.p.) |
| Heat of fusion, cal/gm | 264* (at m.p.) |
| Liquid heat capacity, cal/gm-mole °C | 6.755 (at m.p.) |
| Solid heat capacity, cal/gm-mole °C | 4.78 (at 25°C) |
| Liquid density, gm/cm3 | 2.533 (at m.p.) |
| Solid density, gm/cm3 | 2.329 (at 25°C) |
| Percent expansion on freezing | 10% (at m.p.) |
| Surface tension, dynes/cm | 736 (at m.p.) |
| Liquid viscosity, centipoise | 0.88 (at m.p.) |
| Liquid thermal conductivity, cal/sec-cm °C | 1.025 x 10-3 (at m.p.) |
| Solid thermal conductivity, cal/sec-cm °C | 0.353 (at 25°C) |
| Hardness, knoops, Kg/mm2 | 1150 |
| Compressibility coefficient, cm2/dyne | 1.0 x 10-12 |
| Bulk modulus, dyne/cm2 | 9.8 x 10-11 |
| Hardness, mohs | 7 |
| Young's modulus, dyne/cm2 | 1.3 x 1012 |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion, per °C | 2.33 x 10-6 |
| Specific heat, cal/gm °C | 0.18 |
| Atomic density, atoms/cm3 | 4.96 x 1022 |
| dn/dT, °C | 1.6 x 10-4 |
| % Transmission uncoated, 4µm | 53.7 (at 25°C) |
| Transmission Range, µm | 1.2 to 7 and 25 to 1000* |
| Dielectric constant | 11.8 |
| Elastic constants, C11, dyne/cm2 | 1.656 x 1012 |
| Elastic constants, C12, dyne/cm2 | 0.639 x 1012 |
| Elastic contants, C44, dyne/cm2 | 0.795 x 1012 |
| Rupture modulus, bending, Kg/cm2 | 700-3,500 |
| Breaking strength, compression, Kg/cm2 | 4,900-5,600 |
*estimated
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